A prized possession of the north German Cistercian convent of Marienbrunn in Rulle near Osnabrück was its richly illuminated Gradual dating to c. 1300, which is of great significance in the his-tory of medieval art for several reasons. With 53 his-toriated Initials, iconographically complex in their literary quotations from the liturgy, the manuscript ranks äs one of the most lavishly decorated books of its type to survive. Painted in an elegant courtly Gothic style, it is ascribed in a prefatory inscription to the nun Gisela von Kerssenbrock, who wrote, no-tated, and decorated the manuscript "with golden letters and beautiful images." Such an encyclopedic listing of a scribe-artist's labors is unparalleled in me¬dieval scribal colophons. The high quality of the miniatures places her among the most gifted women artists of the Middle Ages.
Gisela is depicted in two self-portraits within the manuscript, in one of which she is leading the nuns of Rulle in singing the Christmas hymn, visual evi-dence that she was the choirmistress at this convent. The manuscript's images reflect the intellectual ambi-ence of encloistered nuns who were steeped in the annual liturgical cycle of feasts with its associated Bible readings, theological commentary, sermons, music, dramatic ritual, and artistic decoration. As it was used in the nuns' daily celebration of the Mass, the book is an eloquent witness of the communal religious life of medieval women rather than their private meditations or mystical experiences. This study explores the imagery and texts associated with major feasts of the liturgical year and the novel ways in which music and text are woven into the artistic program of Gisela's manuscript. In particular, her book shows the seminal importance of the Easter celebration for convent life, äs well over half of its illustrations are clustered in the Easter season; and the manuscript repeatedly gives artistic expression to the nuns' desire to reach heaven.
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